{"id":72483,"date":"2023-02-27T17:44:00","date_gmt":"2023-02-27T16:44:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nordnet.se\/blogg\/?p=72483"},"modified":"2026-03-10T17:14:15","modified_gmt":"2026-03-10T16:14:15","slug":"sa-paverkas-din-rantefond-av-rantan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nordnet.se\/blogg\/sa-paverkas-din-rantefond-av-rantan\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00e5 p\u00e5verkas din r\u00e4ntefond av r\u00e4ntel\u00e4get"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

R\u00e4ntorna har stigit kraftigt under kort tid, och antas \u00e5tminstone i Sverige forts\u00e4tta upp. Samtidigt var marknaden vid \u00e5rets b\u00f6rjan optimistisk kring Feds inflationsbek\u00e4mpning, vilket resulterade i fallande marknadsr\u00e4ntor. Hur m\u00e5r din r\u00e4ntefond i det h\u00e4r l\u00e4get?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e5 kort tid har v\u00e4rldens centralbanker kraftigt h\u00f6jt sina r\u00e4ntor f\u00f6r att f\u00e5 bukt med inflationen. I Sverige visar Riksbankens prognos att r\u00e4ntan kommer att h\u00f6jas igen i april till att toppa p\u00e5 cirka 3,3 procent. Andra tror att Riksbanken kommer ta i \u00e4nnu mer, medan ytterligare andra bed\u00f6mare tror att Riksbanken kommer tvingas backa n\u00e4r svensk ekonomi tar storstryk. I USA tycks inflationen ha toppat, vilket sedan \u00e5rets b\u00f6rjan resulterat i fallande marknadsr\u00e4ntor och stigande riskaptit. Marknadens huvudscenario \u00e4r s\u00e5ledes att den amerikanska centralbanken Feds r\u00e4nteh\u00f6jningar ligger bakom oss, \u00e5tminstone den stora merparten av dem. Dock har vi kunnat se hur det finns farh\u00e5gor om att inflationen i USA inte alls faller tillbaka lika snabbt som v\u00e4ntat, och s\u00e5dana farh\u00e5gor resulterar direkt i stigande marknadsr\u00e4ntor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Det \u00e4r allts\u00e5 en komplex r\u00e4ntemilj\u00f6, som ju som bekant har b\u00f6rshum\u00f6ret i sitt grepp. Men \u00e4ven r\u00e4ntefonder p\u00e5verkas, beroende p\u00e5 om r\u00e4ntorna stiger mer eller faller tillbaka fram\u00f6ver. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00f6rst n\u00e5gra definitioner. Gemensamt f\u00f6r det som i dagligt tal kallas “r\u00e4ntefonder” \u00e4r f\u00f6rst\u00e5s att de investerar i r\u00e4nteb\u00e4rande papper. Men det finns v\u00e4ldigt m\u00e5nga olika typer av r\u00e4nteb\u00e4rande papper, s\u00e5 som statsobligationer, statsskuldv\u00e4xlar, bostadsobligationer, kommunobligationer och s\u00e5 f\u00f6retagsobligationer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vad \u00e4r d\u00e5 en obligation? Att ge ut en obligation \u00e4r ett s\u00e4tt f\u00f6r exempelvis en stat eller ett f\u00f6retag att l\u00e5na pengar p\u00e5 kapitalmarknaden. F\u00f6r att l\u00e5na upp pengar betalar de ut r\u00e4nta till de som investerat i obligationen. Enkelt uttryckt g\u00e4ller att ju h\u00f6gre risk en obligation anses f\u00f6rknippad med, desto h\u00f6gre r\u00e4nta m\u00e5ste betalas ut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Begr\u00e4nsad p\u00e5verkan p\u00e5 korta r\u00e4ntefonder<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e4ntefonder kan till att b\u00f6rja med delas upp i gruppen korta och l\u00e5nga r\u00e4ntefonder. En kort r\u00e4ntefond har en l\u00f6ptid som \u00e4r kortare \u00e4n ett \u00e5r. Det g\u00f6r att den s\u00e5 kallade r\u00e4nterisken \u00e4r l\u00e5g. Fonden \u00e4r allts\u00e5 inte s\u00e5 k\u00e4nslig f\u00f6r centralbankernas h\u00f6jningar, eller s\u00e4nkningar, av r\u00e4ntan. Den h\u00e4r fondtypen \u00e4r n\u00e4rmast att j\u00e4mf\u00f6ra med ett sparkonto. L\u00e5g risk och l\u00e5g f\u00f6rv\u00e4ntad avkastning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e5nga r\u00e4ntefonder har en r\u00e4nterisk<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

En l\u00e5ng r\u00e4ntefond har en h\u00f6gre r\u00e4nterisk, och \u00e4r k\u00e4nslig f\u00f6r marknadsr\u00e4ntornas sv\u00e4ngningar och p\u00e5verkas d\u00e4rmed av centralbankernas ageranden. De placerar i r\u00e4ntepapper med l\u00e5ng l\u00f6ptid, l\u00e4ngre \u00e4n ett \u00e5r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enkelt uttryckt faller l\u00e5nga r\u00e4ntefonder n\u00e4r r\u00e4ntorna stiger. Fonden som investerar i l\u00e5nga obligationer har ju en viss \u00e5rlig avkastning beroende p\u00e5 kupongr\u00e4nta. Men om r\u00e4ntan stiger s\u00e5 kommer de obligationer som ges ut just nu ge en h\u00f6gre r\u00e4nta \u00e4n de som redan finns i fonden. D\u00e5 sjunker v\u00e4rdet p\u00e5 de obligationer fonden \u00e4ger. D\u00e5 faller v\u00e4rdet p\u00e5 fonden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e5 kollar du r\u00e4nterisken<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Du kan se hur h\u00f6g r\u00e4nterisk din fond har genom att titta p\u00e5 den s\u00e5 kallade durationen, den genomsnittliga l\u00f6ptiden p\u00e5 innehaven, som anges i \u00e5r. \u00c4r durationen 3 \u00e5r s\u00e5 sjunker fonden cirka 3 % i v\u00e4rde om r\u00e4ntan g\u00e5r upp 1 procent, enkelt uttryckt. Det h\u00e4r \u00e4r f\u00f6rklaringen till att l\u00e5nga r\u00e4ntefonder g\u00e5tt bra de senaste \u00e5ren med sjunkande r\u00e4ntor, eftersom det omv\u00e4nda d\u00e5 g\u00e4ller. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Men det \u00e4r inte per automatik s\u00e5 att alla l\u00e5nga r\u00e4ntefonder alltid m\u00e5ste g\u00e5 v\u00e4ldigt d\u00e5ligt n\u00e4r r\u00e4ntorna stiger. P\u00e5 kort sikt g\u00e5r de allt annat lika d\u00e5ligt. Men fortfarande ges ju avkastning i form av kupongr\u00e4ntor i de obligationer fonden \u00e4ger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e5 p\u00e5verkas f\u00f6retagsobligationsfonder<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ytterligare en kategori \u00e4r de fonder som investerar i obligationer utgivna av f\u00f6retag. H\u00e4r finns b\u00e5de r\u00e4nterisken, det vill s\u00e4ga risken att r\u00e4ntan stiger och d\u00e4rmed p\u00e5verkar fondens avkastning negativt, och en kreditrisk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e4nterisken fungerar p\u00e5 samma s\u00e4tt som i de \u201dvanliga\u201d obligationsfonderna, det vill s\u00e4ga att om styrr\u00e4ntan h\u00f6js s\u00e5 tappar redan utgivna obligationer i attraktionskraft. D\u00e4rf\u00f6r inneb\u00e4r en h\u00f6gre styrr\u00e4nta allt annat lika en nedg\u00e5ng \u00e4ven f\u00f6r f\u00f6retagsobligationsfonder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Men – m\u00e5nga f\u00f6retagsobligationsfonder f\u00f6rs\u00f6ker minska denna r\u00e4nterisk genom att korta ned den genomsnittliga l\u00f6ptiden. Det \u00e4r inte ovanligt att man anv\u00e4nder sig av s\u00e5 kallade FRN:er, Floating Rate Notes, obligationer med r\u00f6rlig r\u00e4nta som s\u00e4tts om var tredje m\u00e5nad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e4r Riksbanken forts\u00e4tter att h\u00f6ja styrr\u00e4ntan b\u00f6r det inneb\u00e4ra att FRN-obligationernas kuponger stiger lika mycket. Det h\u00e4r \u00f6kar, som det heter p\u00e5 finansspr\u00e5k, \u201df\u00f6rr\u00e4ntningen\u201d i fonden. En kort l\u00f6ptid p\u00e5 innehaven g\u00f6r allts\u00e5 att fler innehav f\u00f6rfaller i n\u00e4rtid och kan d\u00e5 oms\u00e4ttas till nya, h\u00f6gre niv\u00e5er.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flera faktorer p\u00e5verkar f\u00f6retagsobligationsfonderna<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

En f\u00f6retagsobligationsfond investerar ju i enkelt uttryckt i f\u00f6retagsl\u00e5n, och d\u00e5 ligger en av riskerna i att f\u00f6retaget inte ska kunna betala tillbaka sin skuld. Det \u00e4r en risk som kan komma att uppm\u00e4rksammas \u00e4nnu mer nu n\u00e4r vi faktiskt g\u00e5r in i l\u00e5gkonjunktur i Sverige, i vilken svenska f\u00f6retag kommer att p\u00e5verkas i olika h\u00f6g utstr\u00e4ckning. Den svenska fastighetssektorn har redan uppm\u00e4rksammats som en stor risk p\u00e5 grund av sin h\u00f6ga skulds\u00e4ttning. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00f6r att ta denna kreditrisk vill investeraren f\u00f6rst\u00e5s ha mer betalt f\u00f6r att ta. Annars kan man ju lika g\u00e4rna investera i tryggare obligationer utgivna av stater.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Den h\u00f6gre r\u00e4nta som investeraren kr\u00e4ver f\u00f6r att ta denna risk kallas kreditpremie. Tillsammans med den riskfria r\u00e4ntan blir detta kreditspreaden, allts\u00e5 den r\u00e4nta f\u00f6retaget helt enkelt f\u00e5r betala f\u00f6r att l\u00e5na pengar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hur h\u00f6g denna r\u00e4nta blir best\u00e4ms av hur stor risken anses vara f\u00f6r att f\u00f6retaget inte kan betala sin skuld. Obligationer utgivna av mer stabila bolag med god betalningsf\u00f6rm\u00e5ga kallas investment grade, medan obligationer utgivna av bolag med s\u00e4mre betalningsf\u00f6rm\u00e5ga kallas high yield. Ibland ser du dessa ben\u00e4mningar i fondnamnet. En f\u00f6retagsobligationsfond kan investera i b\u00e5de investment grades och high yields, eller i n\u00e5gon av obligationstyperna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kreditspreaden varierar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kreditspreaden kan variera, och det p\u00e5verkar fonden. N\u00e4r kreditspreaden minskar inneb\u00e4r det att investerare f\u00e5r mindre betalt f\u00f6r risken man tar, och d\u00e5 stiger v\u00e4rdet allt annat lika p\u00e5 redan utgivna f\u00f6retagsobligationer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Men om kreditspreaden \u00f6kar inneb\u00e4r det att investerare f\u00e5r mer betalt f\u00f6r nyutgivna obligationer, och d\u00e5 minskar v\u00e4rdet p\u00e5 de redan utgivna obligationerna. Kreditspreaden kan exempelvis \u00f6ka om riskaptiten p\u00e5 marknaden allm\u00e4nt avtar, vilket g\u00f6r att bolag f\u00e5r betala en h\u00f6gre r\u00e4nta \u00e4n tidigare f\u00f6r att f\u00e5 l\u00e5na p\u00e5 kapitalmarknaden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00f6m inte likviditetsrisken<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

I f\u00f6retagsobligationsfonder finns ocks\u00e5 en likviditetsrisk. Den blev synlig i samband med coronakraschen under v\u00e5ren 2020, d\u00e5 flera f\u00f6retagsobligationsfonder tvingades st\u00e4nga f\u00f6r uttag. Det fanns helt enkelt f\u00f6r f\u00e5 k\u00f6pare. Den h\u00e4r risken, likviditetsrisken, gick m\u00e5nga sparare f\u00f6rbi innan kraschen. Det beror p\u00e5 att den risken d\u00e5 helt enkelt inte speglades i det riskm\u00e5tt som generellt anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r fonder, som baseras p\u00e5 volatilitet. Men om en obligation aldrig oms\u00e4tts, d\u00e5 kan det ju se ut som att den heller inte \u00e4r volatil. Efter detta tog branschen fram m\u00e5ttet spreadexponering, som visar hur stort v\u00e4rdefallet blir i en fond, m\u00e4tt i procentenheter av fondens v\u00e4rde, om r\u00e4nteskillnaden mellan fondens innehav och statsobligationer f\u00f6rdubblas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sammanfattningsvis kan s\u00e4gas att stigande r\u00e4ntor p\u00e5verkar r\u00e4ntefonder p\u00e5 v\u00e4ldigt olika s\u00e4tt. De p\u00e5verkar till och med olika f\u00f6retagsobligationsfonder p\u00e5 olika s\u00e4tt. En f\u00f6retagsobligationsfond med innehav med korta l\u00f6ptider fr\u00e5n f\u00f6retag med god kreditv\u00e4rdighet p\u00e5verkas mindre \u00e4n en f\u00f6retagsobligationsfond med l\u00e5nga l\u00f6ptider. Men h\u00e4r g\u00e4ller som sagt att ha koll p\u00e5 flera olika typer av risker, som kredit- och likviditetsriskerna. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\/Frida<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

R\u00e4ntorna har stigit kraftigt under kort tid, och antas \u00e5tminstone i Sverige forts\u00e4tta upp. Samtidigt var marknaden vid \u00e5rets b\u00f6rjan optimistisk kring Feds inflationsbek\u00e4mpning, vilket resulterade i fallande marknadsr\u00e4ntor. Hur m\u00e5r din r\u00e4ntefond i det h\u00e4r l\u00e4get? P\u00e5 kort tid har v\u00e4rldens centralbanker kraftigt h\u00f6jt sina r\u00e4ntor f\u00f6r att f\u00e5 bukt med inflationen. I Sverige […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40184,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ghostkit_customizer_options":"","ghostkit_custom_css":"","ghostkit_custom_js_head":"","ghostkit_custom_js_foot":"","ghostkit_typography":"","_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4048],"tags":[72],"class_list":["post-72483","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nyheter-handelser","tag-fonder"],"acf":[],"all_images":{"thumbnail":{"src":"https:\/\/blogg.nordnet.se\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/frida1-150x54.png","width":150,"height":54,"crop":true,"srcset":"https:\/\/blogg.nordnet.se\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/frida1-150x54.png 150w, https:\/\/blogg.nordnet.se\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/frida1-620x222.png 620w, 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